Shanghai, one of the most cosmopolitan cities in China, is a fusion of traditional Chinese culture and modern global influences. While the city is highly internationalized, understanding local cultural nuances and avoiding potential taboos is essential for ensuring a respectful and enjoyable experience. Here are some key cultural taboos to keep in mind when visiting Shanghai.
Table Etiquette
Using Chopsticks
Chopsticks are an integral part of Chinese dining culture, and there are several taboos associated with their use:
- Don’t Stick Chopsticks Upright in Rice: This resembles incense sticks used in funerals and is considered highly disrespectful.
- Avoid Pointing Chopsticks: Pointing chopsticks at someone is seen as rude and confrontational.
- No Playing with Chopsticks: Treat chopsticks as utensils, not toys, to show respect for the meal and your hosts.
Sharing Meals
Chinese meals are often served family-style, with shared dishes placed in the center of the table.
- Use Serving Utensils: Avoid using your personal chopsticks to pick food from communal plates, as it is seen as unhygienic.
- Don’t Take the Last Bite Without Asking: It’s polite to offer the last portion to others at the table before taking it for yourself.
Respect for Elders and Hierarchy
Addressing People
In Chinese culture, hierarchy and respect for elders are crucial.
- Use Proper Titles: Address people by their family name and a polite title like “Mr.” (xiansheng) or “Ms.” (nüshi) unless invited to use their first name.
- Avoid Calling Elders by Their First Name: This can be seen as disrespectful.
Offering and Accepting Gifts
Gift-giving is a common practice in China but comes with its own set of taboos:
- Avoid Clocks as Gifts: The word for "clock" (zhong) sounds like the word for "end" or "death," making it an inauspicious gift.
- Don’t Give Sharp Objects: Items like knives or scissors symbolize cutting off a relationship.
- Wrap Gifts Appropriately: Avoid using white or black wrapping paper, as these colors are associated with funerals.
Social Interaction
Personal Space
While Shanghai is a bustling metropolis, people still value personal space, especially in professional or formal settings.
- Avoid Physical Contact: Refrain from hugging or touching people you’ve just met, as it may make them uncomfortable. A simple nod or handshake is more appropriate.
Tipping Culture
Tipping is not a widespread practice in Shanghai or China in general.
- Don’t Force a Tip: Tipping at restaurants or in taxis is not expected and may even confuse locals.
Body Language
Gestures to Avoid
Certain gestures can carry negative connotations in Chinese culture:
- No Pointing: Pointing at people with your finger is considered impolite. Use your whole hand if you need to indicate something.
- Avoid Beckoning with a Finger: Calling someone over by curling your index finger is seen as rude and is typically used for animals. Instead, gesture with your palm facing down.
Feet and Shoes
In Chinese culture, feet are considered the lowest and dirtiest part of the body.
- Don’t Point Your Feet at Others: When sitting, avoid pointing your feet directly at someone, as it can be seen as disrespectful.
- Remove Shoes When Appropriate: In homes or certain traditional settings, it’s customary to take off your shoes before entering.
Religious and Superstitious Sensitivities
Temples and Religious Sites
Shanghai is home to many Buddhist and Taoist temples, such as the Jade Buddha Temple and Longhua Temple.
- Dress Modestly: Wear clothing that covers your shoulders and knees out of respect for the sacred space.
- No Loud Talking or Photography: Keep noise levels down and ask for permission before taking photos.
- Avoid Touching Religious Objects: Do not touch statues, altars, or offerings without explicit permission.
Superstitions
Chinese culture is steeped in superstitions, and some are particularly relevant in Shanghai:
- Avoid the Number Four: The pronunciation of “four” (si) is similar to the word for “death,” making it an unlucky number.
- Don’t Whistle at Night: This is believed to attract ghosts and is considered bad luck.
Behavior in Public
Queuing and Patience
While Shanghai is a fast-paced city, queuing is taken seriously in public places like metro stations and tourist attractions.
- Don’t Cut in Line: Cutting in line is seen as disrespectful and may cause confrontation.
- Be Patient: Crowds are common, so it’s essential to remain calm and courteous.
Littering
Shanghai places a strong emphasis on cleanliness and environmental awareness.
- Dispose of Trash Properly: Use designated bins and avoid littering, as fines may be imposed.
Public Displays of Affection
While hand-holding or a quick hug is acceptable, more overt displays of affection are generally frowned upon in public settings.
Communication Tips
Language Considerations
English is widely understood in international areas, but basic Mandarin or Shanghainese phrases can go a long way:
- Learn Simple Phrases: Knowing how to say "thank you" (xie xie) or "hello" (ni hao) is appreciated.
- Avoid Raising Your Voice: Speaking loudly, especially in frustration, may be seen as losing face.
Discussing Sensitive Topics
Certain topics should be avoided in conversation with locals:
- Don’t Discuss Politics: Political issues, particularly those related to China’s government or policies, are best avoided.
- Avoid Negative Comments About Culture: Criticizing Chinese traditions or customs can come across as offensive.
Transportation and Shopping
Using Public Transport
Shanghai has an efficient metro system, but there are unwritten rules to follow:
- Let People Exit First: Always allow passengers to disembark before boarding.
- Stand on the Right: On escalators, stand on the right to allow people in a hurry to pass on the left.
Bargaining in Markets
In traditional markets like Yuyuan Bazaar, bargaining is common but requires tact:
- Be Polite: Negotiations should be done with a smile and good humor.
- Know When to Stop: If the seller refuses to lower the price further, pushing too hard may offend them.
Understanding these cultural taboos and etiquettes will not only help you avoid awkward situations but also show respect for local customs, ensuring a smoother and more enjoyable visit to Shanghai.